Longer Vision Technology

Github Blog

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Posted on Edited on In ,

Today I’d love to talk about Pixy Cam a bit, which I do NOT recommend at all. There are several reasons:

  • Price: As you can see from Amazon, it’s comparatively expensive, $95 USD.
  • Warranty period: 90 days from date of purchase
  • Size: too big

Actually, I purchased PIXY (with pan tilt mount base) in 2016 from amazon.com. However, it went died long time ago. What’s more, I’ve tested ALL possible solutions from Pixycam Troubleshooting, but the 90-day warranty is easy to pass.

I do NOT want to talk more about Pixy Cam, and here is **my conclusion:
Please use esp32-cam instead.

Posted on Edited on In ,

It’s almost July 10, let me continue testing something else: OpenMV. I used to have purchased 2 OpenMV cameras, respectively:

No matter which version of OpenMV is connected to the laptop via USB, command lsusb is able to list the device out as:

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Bus 001 Device 020: ID 1209:abd1 InterBiometrics

Dilemma of OpenMV-IDE

Conclusion FIRST: NEVER build OpenMV-IDE from scratch using a different version of Qt!!!

To build OpenMV-IDE is seriously headache. 

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➜  openmv ./openmv-ide-linux-x86_64-2.2.0.run
This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb"
in "".

Available platform plugins are: eglfs, linuxfb, minimal, minimalegl, offscreen, xcb.

Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.

Test OpenMV

In the following, we ONLY use picocom to carry out the test.

1. OpenMV Cam M4 V2 (OPENMV2 with STM32F427)

Current Contents In OpenMV Cam M4 V2

OpenMV Cam M4 V2 Properties

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➜  ~ picocom /dev/ttyACM0
picocom v3.1

port is        : /dev/ttyACM0
flowcontrol    : none
baudrate is    : 9600
parity is      : none
databits are   : 8
stopbits are   : 1
escape is      : C-a
local echo is  : no
noinit is      : no
noreset is     : no
hangup is      : no
nolock is      : no
send_cmd is    : sz -vv
receive_cmd is : rz -vv -E
imap is        : 
omap is        : 
emap is        : crcrlf,delbs,
logfile is     : none
initstring     : none
exit_after is  : not set
exit is        : no

Type [C-a] [C-h] to see available commands
Terminal ready
MicroPython v1.9.3-4922-ge0f81c867 on 2018-04-23; OPENMV2 with STM32F427
Type "help()" for more information.
>>>

Press Ctrl+A then Ctrl+x, picocom will terminate its execution.

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>>> 
Terminating...
Thanks for using picocom

2. OpenMV Cam M7 (OPENMV3 with STM32F765)

Current Contents In OpenMV Cam M7

OpenMV Cam M7 Properties

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➜  ~ picocom /dev/ttyACM0
picocom v3.1

port is        : /dev/ttyACM0
flowcontrol    : none
baudrate is    : 9600
parity is      : none
databits are   : 8
stopbits are   : 1
escape is      : C-a
local echo is  : no
noinit is      : no
noreset is     : no
hangup is      : no
nolock is      : no
send_cmd is    : sz -vv
receive_cmd is : rz -vv -E
imap is        : 
omap is        : 
emap is        : crcrlf,delbs,
logfile is     : none
initstring     : none
exit_after is  : not set
exit is        : no

Type [C-a] [C-h] to see available commands
Terminal ready
MicroPython v1.9.4-4510-g23e8457de on 2018-06-29; OPENMV3 with STM32F765
Type "help()" for more information.
>>> 
Terminating...
Thanks for using picocom
➜  ~

Flash OpenMV Firmware Onto OpenMV Board

1. Entering DFU Mode

Similar to what’s discussed in our previous blog, we need to enter DFU mode before flashing.

  • Disconnect the power for OpenMV board FIRST
  • Connect BOOT pin and RST pin afterwards
  • Then, reconnect the USB cable for flashing.

Before entering DFU mode:

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➜  ~ lsusb
...
Bus 001 Device 027: ID 1209:abd1 InterBiometrics
...

After entering DFU mode:

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➜  ~ lsusb
...
Bus 001 Device 028: ID 0483:df11 STMicroelectronics STM Device in DFU Mode
...

2. Flashing OpenMV’s Firmware

Checkout the NEWEST OpenMV. Find the corrensponding version of OpenMV board, flash it by command python pydfu.py -u <firmware.dfu>.

1) OpenMV Cam M4 V2 (OPENMV2 with STM32F427)

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➜  openmv git:(master) python ./tools/pydfu.py -u firmware/OPENMV2/firmware.dfu 
./tools/pydfu.py:80: DeprecationWarning: inspect.getargspec() is deprecated since Python 3.0, use inspect.signature() or inspect.getfullargspec()
  if 'length' in inspect.getargspec(usb.util.get_string).args:
File: firmware/OPENMV2/firmware.dfu
    b'DfuSe' v1, image size: 834757, targets: 1
    b'Target' 0, alt setting: 0, name: "ST...", size: 834472, elements: 1
      0, address: 0x08010000, size: 834464
    usb: 0483:df11, device: 0x0000, dfu: 0x011a, b'UFD', 16, 0x9dfe8e73
Writing memory...
0x08010000  834464 [=========================] 100% 
Exiting DFU...

Let’s try picocom directly:

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➜  openmv git:(master) picocom /dev/ttyACM0
picocom v3.1

port is        : /dev/ttyACM0
flowcontrol    : none
baudrate is    : 9600
parity is      : none
databits are   : 8
stopbits are   : 1
escape is      : C-a
local echo is  : no
noinit is      : no
noreset is     : no
hangup is      : no
nolock is      : no
send_cmd is    : sz -vv
receive_cmd is : rz -vv -E
imap is        : 
omap is        : 
emap is        : crcrlf,delbs,
logfile is     : none
initstring     : none
exit_after is  : not set
exit is        : no

Type [C-a] [C-h] to see available commands
Terminal ready
6792
18.86792
18.86792
18.86792
18.86792
18.86792
18.86792
......
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/main.py", line 51, in <module>
KeyboardInterrupt: 
MicroPython v1.9.4-4553-gb4eccdfe3 on 2019-05-02; OPENMV2 with STM32F427
Type "help()" for more information.
>>> 
Terminating...
Thanks for using picocom

Check file main.py, which starts running automatically while testing with picocom.

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# Face Detection Example
#
# This example shows off the built-in face detection feature of the OpenMV Cam.
#
# Face detection works by using the Haar Cascade feature detector on an image. A
# Haar Cascade is a series of simple area contrasts checks. For the built-in
# frontalface detector there are 25 stages of checks with each stage having
# hundreds of checks a piece. Haar Cascades run fast because later stages are
# only evaluated if previous stages pass. Additionally, your OpenMV Cam uses
# a data structure called the integral image to quickly execute each area
# contrast check in constant time (the reason for feature detection being
# grayscale only is because of the space requirment for the integral image).

import sensor, time, image

# Reset sensor
sensor.reset()

# Sensor settings
sensor.set_contrast(1)
sensor.set_gainceiling(16)
# HQVGA and GRAYSCALE are the best for face tracking.
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.HQVGA)
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.GRAYSCALE)

# Load Haar Cascade
# By default this will use all stages, lower satges is faster but less accurate.
face_cascade = image.HaarCascade("frontalface", stages=25)
print(face_cascade)

# FPS clock
clock = time.clock()

while (True):
    clock.tick()

    # Capture snapshot
    img = sensor.snapshot()

    # Find objects.
    # Note: Lower scale factor scales-down the image more and detects smaller objects.
    # Higher threshold results in a higher detection rate, with more false positives.
    objects = img.find_features(face_cascade, threshold=0.75, scale_factor=1.25)

    # Draw objects
    for r in objects:
        img.draw_rectangle(r)

    # Print FPS.
    # Note: Actual FPS is higher, streaming the FB makes it slower.
    print(clock.fps())

2) OpenMV Cam M7 (OPENMV3 with STM32F765)

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➜  openmv git:(master) python ./tools/pydfu.py -u firmware/OPENMV3/firmware.dfu
./tools/pydfu.py:80: DeprecationWarning: inspect.getargspec() is deprecated since Python 3.0, use inspect.signature() or inspect.getfullargspec()
  if 'length' in inspect.getargspec(usb.util.get_string).args:
File: firmware/OPENMV3/firmware.dfu
    b'DfuSe' v1, image size: 1297173, targets: 1
    b'Target' 0, alt setting: 0, name: "ST...", size: 1296888, elements: 1
      0, address: 0x08020000, size: 1296880
    usb: 0483:df11, device: 0x0000, dfu: 0x011a, b'UFD', 16, 0xeff0bf62
Writing memory...
0x08020000 1296880 [=========================] 100% 
Exiting DFU...
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➜  openmv git:(master) picocom /dev/ttyACM0
picocom v3.1

port is        : /dev/ttyACM0
flowcontrol    : none
baudrate is    : 9600
parity is      : none
databits are   : 8
stopbits are   : 1
escape is      : C-a
local echo is  : no
noinit is      : no
noreset is     : no
hangup is      : no
nolock is      : no
send_cmd is    : sz -vv
receive_cmd is : rz -vv -E
imap is        : 
omap is        : 
emap is        : crcrlf,delbs,
logfile is     : none
initstring     : none
exit_after is  : not set
exit is        : no

Type [C-a] [C-h] to see available commands
Terminal ready
MicroPython v1.9.4-4553-gb4eccdfe3 on 2019-05-02; OPENMV3 with STM32F765
Type "help()" for more information.
>>> 
Terminating...
Thanks for using picocom
➜  openmv git:(master)

As you can see, firmware has NOW been updated to MicroPython v1.9.4-4553-gb4eccdfe3 on 2019-05-02.

Stream OpenMV Video without OpenMV-IDE

1. Snapshot

We FIRST test OpenMV snapshot code on OpenMV Cam M4 V2 (OPENMV2 with STM32F427).

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# Snapshot Example
#
# Note: You will need an SD card to run this example.
#
# You can use your OpenMV Cam to save image files.

import sensor, image, pyb

RED_LED_PIN = 1
BLUE_LED_PIN = 3

sensor.reset() # Initialize the camera sensor.
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) # or sensor.GRAYSCALE
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QVGA) # or sensor.QQVGA (or others)
sensor.skip_frames(time = 2000) # Let new settings take affect.

pyb.LED(RED_LED_PIN).on()
sensor.skip_frames(time = 2000) # Give the user time to get ready.

pyb.LED(RED_LED_PIN).off()
pyb.LED(BLUE_LED_PIN).on()

print("You're on camera!")
sensor.snapshot().save("example.jpg") # or "example.bmp" (or others)

pyb.LED(BLUE_LED_PIN).off()
print("Done! Reset the camera to see the saved image.")

Snapshot on OpenMV Cam M4 V2

2. Video Recording

We THEN test OpenMV video recording on OpenMV Cam M7 (OPENMV3 with STM32F765). 

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# MJPEG Video Recording Example
#
# Note: You will need an SD card to run this demo.
#
# You can use your OpenMV Cam to record mjpeg files. You can either feed the
# recorder object JPEG frames or RGB565/Grayscale frames. Once you've finished
# recording a Mjpeg file you can use VLC to play it. If you are on Ubuntu then
# the built-in video player will work too.

import sensor, image, time, mjpeg, pyb

RED_LED_PIN = 1
BLUE_LED_PIN = 3

sensor.reset() # Initialize the camera sensor.
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) # or sensor.GRAYSCALE
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QVGA) # or sensor.QQVGA (or others)
sensor.skip_frames(time = 2000) # Let new settings take affect.
clock = time.clock() # Tracks FPS.

pyb.LED(RED_LED_PIN).on()
sensor.skip_frames(time = 2000) # Give the user time to get ready.

pyb.LED(RED_LED_PIN).off()
pyb.LED(BLUE_LED_PIN).on()

m = mjpeg.Mjpeg("example.mjpeg")

print("You're on camera!")
for i in range(200):
    clock.tick()
    m.add_frame(sensor.snapshot())
    print(clock.fps())

m.close(clock.fps())
pyb.LED(BLUE_LED_PIN).off()
print("Done! Reset the camera to see the saved recording.")

Video recorded on OpenMV Cam M7

It looks it’s NOT easy to demo with the SD card. Please refer to my symptoms on the OpenMV forum.

3. Wifi Module

As expected, OpenMV NOW also privides its Wifi module now. Let’s just test the example code from openmv’s repo.

OpenMV Wifi Shield Connection

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# Connect Example
#
# This example shows how to connect your OpenMV Cam with a WiFi shield to the net.

import network

SSID='' # Network SSID
KEY=''  # Network key

# Init wlan module and connect to network
print("Trying to connect... (may take a while)...")

wlan = network.WINC()
wlan.connect(SSID, key=KEY, security=wlan.WPA_PSK)

# We should have a valid IP now via DHCP
print(wlan.ifconfig())

However, it’s NOT that handy to have the Wifi module tested.

My conclusion: Please use esp32-cam instead.

Skill 3 Embed Jupyter Notebook into Hexo Post

Posted on Edited on In ,

I got the Intel Wireless-AC 9260 today, and a proper 128G micro SD card, finally… Let’s try out Jetson Nano.

PART A: Install JetPack onto Jetson Nano

Let’s simply use the command dd to have JetPack installed onto the micro SD card as follows:

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➜  JetPack sudo dd bs=4M if=jetson-nano-sd-r32.1.1-2019-05-31.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 conv=fsync
[sudo] password for lvision: 
3072+0 records in
3072+0 records out
12884901888 bytes (13 GB, 12 GiB) copied, 311.804 s, 41.3 MB/s

PART B: Boot Into Jetson Nano and Test it Out

1. First Boot

It seems GUI is a must for Jetson Nano’s FIRST BOOT, which is ignored in this blog.

2. SSH into Jetson Nano

For now, Jetson Nano is wired connected onto the Internet. And it seems Intel Wireless-AC 9260 is NOT working properly with Jetson Nano yet. Details can be found at https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1050449/jetson-nano/intel-9260-wifi-on-jetson-nano-jetbot

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➜  ~ ssh lvision@192.168.1.71
lvision@192.168.1.71's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.9.140-tegra aarch64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that users do not log into.

To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.

450 packages can be updated.
210 updates are security updates.

Last login: Sat Jul  6 18:41:11 2019 from 192.168.1.200
lvision@lvision-desktop:~$

3. Check JetPack OS

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lvision@lvision-desktop:~$ uname -a
Linux lvision-desktop 4.9.140-tegra #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Mar 13 00:32:22 PDT 2019 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
lvision@lvision-desktop:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
Release:        18.04
Codename:       bionic
ilvision@lvision-desktop:~$ ip -c address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: dummy0: <BROADCAST,NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 9a:c2:3a:84:96:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:04:4b:e4:12:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.71/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft 85183sec preferred_lft 85183sec
    inet6 2001:569:7ef8:d600:858b:9c23:db05:7b3a/64 scope global temporary dynamic 
       valid_lft 7476sec preferred_lft 7176sec
    inet6 2001:569:7ef8:d600:509c:9fe9:1cb7:2b7f/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute 
       valid_lft 7476sec preferred_lft 7176sec
    inet6 fe80::1714:cd7d:771d:a4/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: rndis0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master l4tbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether da:d4:ee:c5:ed:e9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: usb0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master l4tbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether da:d4:ee:c5:ed:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: l4tbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether da:d4:ee:c5:ed:e9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.55.1/24 brd 192.168.55.255 scope global l4tbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::1/128 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a495:bff:fe21:2ad0/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4. Update and Upgrade All Upgradable Packages

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lvision@lvision-desktop:~$ sudo apt upgrade
[sudo] password for lvision: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  apt-clone archdetect-deb busybox-static cryptsetup-bin dpkg-repack gir1.2-timezonemap-1.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 grub-common
  kde-window-manager kinit kio kpackagetool5 kwayland-data kwin-common kwin-data kwin-x11 libdebian-installer4 libkdecorations2-5v5
  libkdecorations2private5v5 libkf5activities5 libkf5attica5 libkf5completion-data libkf5completion5 libkf5declarative-data
  libkf5declarative5 libkf5doctools5 libkf5globalaccel-data libkf5globalaccel5 libkf5globalaccelprivate5 libkf5idletime5
  libkf5jobwidgets-data libkf5jobwidgets5 libkf5kcmutils-data libkf5kcmutils5 libkf5kiocore5 libkf5kiontlm5 libkf5kiowidgets5
  libkf5newstuff-data libkf5newstuff5 libkf5newstuffcore5 libkf5package-data libkf5package5 libkf5plasma5 libkf5quickaddons5
  libkf5solid5 libkf5solid5-data libkf5sonnet5-data libkf5sonnetcore5 libkf5sonnetui5 libkf5textwidgets-data libkf5textwidgets5
  libkf5waylandclient5 libkf5waylandserver5 libkf5xmlgui-bin libkf5xmlgui-data libkf5xmlgui5 libkscreenlocker5
  libkwin4-effect-builtins1 libkwineffects11 libkwinglutils11 libkwinxrenderutils11 libllvm6.0 libqgsttools-p1 libqt5designer5
  libqt5help5 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5multimedia5-plugins libqt5multimediaquick-p5 libqt5multimediawidgets5 libqt5opengl5
  libqt5positioning5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5sql5 libqt5test5
  libqt5webchannel5 libqt5webkit5 libxcb-composite0 libxcb-cursor0 libxcb-damage0 os-prober python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python3-icu
  python3-pam python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.qtsvg python3-pyqt5.qtwebkit python3-sip qml-module-org-kde-kquickcontrolsaddons
  qml-module-qtmultimedia qml-module-qtquick2 rdate
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  containerd gstreamer1.0-gtk3 libdrm-etnaviv1 libllvm8 python3-dateutil runc
The following packages will be upgraded:
......
Setting up update-notifier (3.192.1.7) ...
Setting up ubuntu-desktop (1.417.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for resolvconf (1.79ubuntu10.18.04.3) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130ubuntu3.8) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.140-tegra
Warning: couldn't identify filesystem type for fsck hook, ignoring.
/sbin/ldconfig.real: Warning: ignoring configuration file that cannot be opened: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/aarch64-linux-gnu_EGL.conf: No such file or directory
/sbin/ldconfig.real: Warning: ignoring configuration file that cannot be opened: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/aarch64-linux-gnu_GL.conf: No such file or directory
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1) ...

Posted on Edited on In

Happy 2019’s Canada Day.

Happy Canada Day

Having simply demoed two Arduino-controlled robotic arms the other day, I had some videos updated onto Longer Vision Robot’s Facebook today, namely, 2019’s Canada Day.

Overview of OWI 535 Cable Connection to Arduino

OWI 535 Cable Connection & Arduino IDE

Triggered Motor Actions

Metal Robotic Arm Left/Right Turn Metal Robotic Arm Clipper Motor - Open/Close
Metal Robotic Arm Left/Right Turn Metal Robotic Arm Clipper Motor - Open/Close
OWI 535 Clipper Motor - Open/Close OWI 535 Motor Upper Knot
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Posted on Edited on In ,

By following our previous blog Build GCC, we should be able to CROSS-BUILD GCC for various ARM architectures. Today, we are building GCC 9.1.0 for Hikey 970, which is of aarch64 architecture. (More details about aarch64 can be found on ARM architecture )

Start Building

Binutils

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➜  aarch64 mkdir build-binutils
➜  aarch64 cd build-binutils
lvision@hikey970:~/Downloads/Programming/GCC/build-binutils$ ../binutils-2.32/configure --prefix=/opt/aarch64 --enable-shared --enable-vtable-verify
checking build system type... aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether ln works... yes
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for gawk... gawk
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for g++... g++
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc... yes
checking for gnatbind... gnatbind
checking for gnatmake... gnatmake
checking whether compiler driver understands Ada... no
checking how to compare bootstrapped objects... cmp --ignore-initial=16 $$f1 $$f2
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for isl 0.15 or later... yes
checking for default BUILD_CONFIG... 
checking for --enable-vtable-verify... yes
checking for bison... bison -y
checking for bison... bison
checking for gm4... no
checking for gnum4... no
checking for m4... m4
checking for flex... flex
checking for flex... flex
checking for makeinfo... makeinfo
checking for expect... expect
checking for runtest... no
checking for ar... ar
checking for as... as
checking for dlltool... no
checking for ld... ld
checking for lipo... no
checking for nm... nm
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking for windres... no
checking for windmc... no
checking for objcopy... objcopy
checking for objdump... objdump
checking for readelf... readelf
checking for cc... cc
checking for c++... c++
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for gfortran... gfortran
checking for gccgo... gccgo
checking for ar... ar
checking for as... as
checking for dlltool... no
checking for ld... ld
checking for lipo... no
checking for nm... nm
checking for objcopy... objcopy
checking for objdump... objdump
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for readelf... readelf
checking for strip... strip
checking for windres... no
checking for windmc... no
checking where to find the target ar... just compiled
checking where to find the target as... just compiled
checking where to find the target cc... host tool
checking where to find the target c++... host tool
checking where to find the target c++ for libstdc++... host tool
checking where to find the target dlltool... just compiled
checking where to find the target gcc... host tool
checking where to find the target gfortran... host tool
checking where to find the target gccgo... host tool
checking where to find the target ld... just compiled
checking where to find the target lipo... host tool
checking where to find the target nm... just compiled
checking where to find the target objcopy... just compiled
checking where to find the target objdump... just compiled
checking where to find the target ranlib... just compiled
checking where to find the target readelf... just compiled
checking where to find the target strip... just compiled
checking where to find the target windres... just compiled
checking where to find the target windmc... just compiled
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
➜  build-binutils make -j4
......
➜  build-binutils make install
➜  build-binutils cd ..

Linux Kernel Headers

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➜  aarch64 cd linux-5.1.12
➜  linux-5.1.12 make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/aarch64/aarch64-linux headers_install
  INSTALL include/asm-generic (36 files)
  INSTALL include/drm (26 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/android (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/byteorder (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/caif (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/can (6 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/cifs (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/dvb (8 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/genwqe (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/hdlc (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/hsi (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/iio (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/isdn (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/mmc (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/netfilter/ipset (4 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/netfilter (88 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/netfilter_arp (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/netfilter_bridge (17 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/netfilter_ipv4 (9 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/netfilter_ipv6 (13 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/nfsd (5 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/raid (2 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/sched (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/spi (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/sunrpc (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux/tc_act (15 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/tc_ematch (5 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/usb (13 files)
  INSTALL include/linux/wimax (1 file)
  INSTALL include/linux (505 files)
  INSTALL include/misc (4 files)
  INSTALL include/mtd (5 files)
  INSTALL include/rdma/hfi (2 files)
  INSTALL include/rdma (25 files)
  INSTALL include/scsi/fc (4 files)
  INSTALL include/scsi (5 files)
  INSTALL include/sound (16 files)
  INSTALL include/video (3 files)
  INSTALL include/xen (4 files)
  INSTALL include/asm (37 files)
➜  linux-5.1.12 cd ..

C/C++ Compilers

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➜  aarch64 mkdir -p build-gcc
➜  aarch64 cd build-gcc
$ ../gcc-9.1.0/configure --prefix=/opt/aarch64 --enable-multiarch --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go --disable-multilib --disable-libvtv --enable-vtable-verify
checking build system type... aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether ln works... yes
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for gawk... gawk
checking for libatomic support... yes
checking for libitm support... yes
checking for libsanitizer support... yes
checking for libhsail-rt support... no
checking for libphobos support... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for g++... g++
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc... yes
checking for gnatbind... gnatbind
checking for gnatmake... gnatmake
checking whether compiler driver understands Ada... no
checking how to compare bootstrapped objects... cmp --ignore-initial=16 $$f1 $$f2
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for the correct version of gmp.h... yes
checking for the correct version of mpfr.h... yes
checking for the correct version of mpc.h... yes
checking for the correct version of the gmp/mpfr/mpc libraries... yes
checking for isl 0.15 or later... yes
*** This configuration is not supported in the following subdirectories:
     gnattools target-libada target-libhsail-rt target-libphobos target-zlib target-libobjc target-liboffloadmic target-libvtv
    (Any other directories should still work fine.)
checking for default BUILD_CONFIG... bootstrap-debug
checking for --enable-vtable-verify... yes
checking for bison... bison -y
checking for bison... bison
checking for gm4... no
checking for gnum4... no
checking for m4... m4
checking for flex... flex
checking for flex... flex
checking for makeinfo... makeinfo
checking for expect... expect
checking for runtest... no
checking for ar... ar
checking for as... as
checking for dlltool... no
checking for ld... ld
checking for lipo... no
checking for nm... nm
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking for windres... no
checking for windmc... no
checking for objcopy... objcopy
checking for objdump... objdump
checking for otool... no
checking for readelf... readelf
checking for cc... cc
checking for c++... c++
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for gfortran... gfortran
checking for gccgo... gccgo
checking for gdc... no
checking for ar... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ar
checking for as... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/as
checking for dlltool... no
checking for dlltool... no
checking for ld... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ld
checking for lipo... no
checking for lipo... no
checking for nm... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/nm
checking for objcopy... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/objcopy
checking for objdump... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/objdump
checking for otool... no
checking for otool... no
checking for ranlib... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ranlib
checking for readelf... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/readelf
checking for strip... /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/strip
checking for windres... no
checking for windres... no
checking for windmc... no
checking for windmc... no
checking where to find the target ar... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target as... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target cc... just compiled
checking where to find the target c++... just compiled
checking where to find the target c++ for libstdc++... just compiled
checking where to find the target dlltool... host tool
checking where to find the target gcc... just compiled
checking where to find the target gfortran... just compiled
checking where to find the target gccgo... just compiled
checking where to find the target gdc... host tool
checking where to find the target ld... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target lipo... host tool
checking where to find the target nm... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target objcopy... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target objdump... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target otool... host tool
checking where to find the target ranlib... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target readelf... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target strip... pre-installed in /opt/aarch64/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin
checking where to find the target windres... host tool
checking where to find the target windmc... host tool
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
➜  build-gcc make -j4 all-gcc
➜  build-gcc make install-gcc
➜  build-gcc cd ..

GLibc

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➜  aarch64 mkdir -p build-glibc
➜  aarch64 cd build-glibc
➜  build-glibc ../glibc-2.29/configure --prefix=/opt/aarch64/aarch64-linux --build=$MACHTYPE --host=aarch64-linux --target=aarch64-linux --with-headers=/opt/aarch64/aarch64-linux/include --enable-multiarch --disable-multilib --disable-libvtv --with-selinux=no --enable-vtable-verify libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes
➜  build-glibc make install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headers
➜  build-glibc make -j4 csu/subdir_lib
➜  build-glibc install csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/aarch64/aarch64-linux/lib
➜  build-glibc /opt/aarch64/bin/aarch64-linux-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/aarch64/aarch64-linux/lib/libc.so
➜  build-glibc touch /opt/aarch64/aarch64-linux/include/gnu/stubs.h
➜  build-glibc cd ..

Compiler Support Library

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➜  aarch64 cd build-gcc
➜  build-gcc make -j4 all-target-libgcc
➜  build-gcc make install-target-libgcc
➜  build-gcc cd ..

Build Standard C Library

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➜  aarch64 cd build-glibc
➜  build-glibc make -j4
➜  build-glibc make install
➜  build-glibc cd ..

Build Standard C++ Library

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➜  aarch64 cd build-gcc
➜  build-gcc make -j4
➜  build-gcc make install
➜  build-gcc cd ..

Finishing and Test

Check GCC Version

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➜  /opt/aarch64/bin/aarch64-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/opt/aarch64/bin/aarch64-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/aarch64/libexec/gcc/aarch64-linux/9.1.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-linux
Configured with: ../gcc-9.1.0/configure --prefix=/opt/aarch64 --target=aarch64-linux --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go --disable-multilib --enable-vtable-verify : (reconfigured) ../gcc-9.1.0/configure --prefix=/opt/aarch64 --target=aarch64-linux --enable-multiarch --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go --disable-multilib --enable-vtable-verify : (reconfigured) ../gcc-9.1.0/configure --prefix=/opt/aarch64 --target=aarch64-linux --enable-multiarch --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go --disable-multilib --disable-libvtv --enable-vtable-verify
Thread model: posix
gcc version 9.1.0 (GCC)

Copy Built GCC 9.1.0 Onto Hikey 970

I actually copied some of the built folder under https://www.longervision.cc/arm/aarch64/gcc-9.1.0/. You are welcome to go try the toolchain.

Run Hello World on Hikey970

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➜  GCC cat test.cpp 
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
➜  GCC x86_64-linux-gnu-c++ -std=c++17 test.cpp
➜  GCC x86_64-linux-gnu-c++ -std=c++17 test.cpp -o test
➜  GCC ls
a.out  test  test.cpp
➜  GCC ./test
Hello World!
➜  GCC

Posted on Edited on In ,

Today, let’s try to build the MOST RECENT GCC 9.1. We strictly follow the TERRIFIC blog How to Build a GCC Cross-Compiler with trivial modifications for my x86_64 desktop instead of aarch64 cross compile.

Preparations

Packages Required on HOST

Some packages are required to install on the host computer, including:

  • g++
  • make
  • gawk
  • bison
  • flex
  • expect
  • gnat
    etc.

Get ALL Packages for Building GCC

A wget-list.txt file is provided to download ALL required packages up-to-date. After having downloaded this single text file, the UNIQUE command to download all files is as follows:

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➜  gcc ✗ wget -i wget-list.txt

You can of course download the files one by one. All concerned files are listed below:

Then, we extract all .tar files in whatever way you prefer.

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➜  cd gcc-9.1.0
➜  gcc-9.1.0 ln -s ../mpfr-4.0.2 mpfr
➜  gcc-9.1.0 ln -s ../gmp-6.1.2 gmp
➜  gcc-9.1.0 ln -s ../mpc-1.1.0 mpc
➜  gcc-9.1.0 ln -s ../isl-0.18 isl
➜  gcc-9.1.0 ln -s ../cloog-0.18.1 cloog
➜  gcc-9.1.0 cd ..

Prepare Build Target Folder

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➜  gcc mkdir -p /opt/native
➜  gcc export PATH=/opt/native/bin:$PATH

Start Building

Binutils

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➜  gcc mkdir build-binutils
➜  gcc cd build-binutils
➜  build-binutils ../binutils-2.32/configure --prefix=/opt/native --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-vtable-verify
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether ln works... yes
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed
checking for gawk... gawk
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for g++... g++
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc... yes
checking for gnatbind... gnatbind
checking for gnatmake... gnatmake
checking whether compiler driver understands Ada... yes
checking how to compare bootstrapped objects... cmp --ignore-initial=16 $$f1 $$f2
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for isl 0.15 or later... no
required isl version is 0.15 or later
checking for default BUILD_CONFIG... 
checking for --enable-vtable-verify... yes
checking for bison... bison -y
checking for bison... bison
checking for gm4... no
checking for gnum4... no
checking for m4... m4
checking for flex... flex
checking for flex... flex
checking for makeinfo... makeinfo
checking for expect... expect
checking for runtest... no
checking for ar... ar
checking for as... as
checking for dlltool... no
checking for ld... ld
checking for lipo... no
checking for nm... nm
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking for windres... no
checking for windmc... no
checking for objcopy... objcopy
checking for objdump... objdump
checking for readelf... readelf
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-cc... no
checking for cc... cc
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-c++... no
checking for c++... c++
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc... x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran... x86_64-linux-gnu-gfortran
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-gccgo... no
checking for gccgo... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-ar... x86_64-linux-gnu-ar
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-as... x86_64-linux-gnu-as
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-dlltool... no
checking for dlltool... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-ld... x86_64-linux-gnu-ld
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-lipo... no
checking for lipo... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-nm... x86_64-linux-gnu-nm
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-objcopy... x86_64-linux-gnu-objcopy
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-objdump... x86_64-linux-gnu-objdump
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib... x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-readelf... x86_64-linux-gnu-readelf
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-strip... x86_64-linux-gnu-strip
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-windres... no
checking for windres... no
checking for x86_64-linux-gnu-windmc... no
checking for windmc... no
checking where to find the target ar... just compiled
checking where to find the target as... just compiled
checking where to find the target cc... host tool
checking where to find the target c++... host tool
checking where to find the target c++ for libstdc++... host tool
checking where to find the target dlltool... just compiled
checking where to find the target gcc... host tool
checking where to find the target gfortran... host tool
checking where to find the target gccgo... host tool
checking where to find the target ld... just compiled
checking where to find the target lipo... host tool
checking where to find the target nm... just compiled
checking where to find the target objcopy... just compiled
checking where to find the target objdump... just compiled
checking where to find the target ranlib... just compiled
checking where to find the target readelf... just compiled
checking where to find the target strip... just compiled
checking where to find the target windres... just compiled
checking where to find the target windmc... just compiled
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
➜  build-binutils make -j4
......
➜  build-binutils make install
➜  build-binutils cd ..

Linux Kernel Headers

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➜  gcc cd linux-5.1.12
➜  linux-5.1.12 make ARCH=x86 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/native/linux headers_install
➜  linux-5.1.12 cd ..

C/C++ Compilers

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➜  gcc mkdir -p build-gcc
➜  gcc cd build-gcc
➜  build-gcc ../gcc-9.1.0/configure --prefix=/opt/native --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go --disable-multilib --enable-vtable-verify
➜  build-gcc make -j4 all-gcc
➜  build-gcc make install-gcc
➜  build-gcc cd ..

GLibc

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➜  gcc mkdir -p build-glibc
➜  gcc cd build-glibc
➜  build-glibc ../glibc-2.29/configure --prefix=/opt/native/linux --build=$MACHTYPE --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-headers=/opt/native/linux/include --disable-multilib --with-selinux=no --enable-vtable-verify libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes
➜  build-glibc make install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headers
➜  build-glibc make -j4 csu/subdir_lib
➜  build-glibc mkdir /opt/native/linux/lib
➜  build-glibc install csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/native/linux/lib
➜  build-glibc /opt/native/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/native/linux/lib/libc.so
➜  build-glibc touch /opt/native/linux/include/gnu/stubs.h
➜  build-glibc cd ..

Compiler Support Library

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➜  gcc cd build-gcc
➜  build-gcc make -j4 all-target-libgcc
➜  build-gcc make install-target-libgcc
➜  build-gcc cd ..

Build Standard C Library

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➜  gcc cd build-glibc
➜  build-glibc make -j4
➜  build-glibc make install
➜  build-glibc cd ..

Build Standard C++ Library

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➜  gcc cd build-gcc
➜  build-gcc make -j4
➜  build-gcc make install
➜  build-gcc cd ..

Finishing and Test

Check GCC Version

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➜  build-gcc x86_64-linux-gnu-c++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=x86_64-linux-gnu-c++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/native/libexec/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9.1.0/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../gcc-9.1.0/configure --prefix=/opt/native --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,python,fortran,go --disable-multilib --enable-vtable-verify
Thread model: posix
gcc version 9.1.0 (GCC)

Run Hello World

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➜  GCC cat test.cpp 
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
➜  GCC x86_64-linux-gnu-c++ -std=c++17 test.cpp
➜  GCC x86_64-linux-gnu-c++ -std=c++17 test.cpp -o test
➜  GCC ls
a.out  test  test.cpp
➜  GCC ./test
Hello World!
➜  GCC

Posted on Edited on In ,

According to our previous blog Install Armbian Ubuntu Desktop Nightly Built onto Orange Pi 3, Wifi module of Orange Pi 3 with Armbian nightly built for Orange Pi 3 does NOT function well. Therefore, today, we resort back to the Ubuntu Desktop distro from Orange Pi’s official website.

PART A: Install Ubuntu Desktop from Official Orange Pi Website onto Orange Pi 3

1. Download Ubuntu Desktop for Orange Pi 3 from Official Orange Pi Website

We FIRST go visiting Orange Pi’s official website http://www.orangepi.org/downloadresources/ and find the Ubuntu Desktop distro for Orange Pi 3.

After OrangePi_3_xenial_desktop_linux4.9_v1.3.img.tar.gz has been downloaded, we had it extracted as follows:

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➜  orangepi tar xvf OrangePi_3_xenial_desktop_linux4.9_v1.3.img.tar.gz 
OrangePi_3_xenial_desktop_linux4.9_v1.3.img
OrangePi_3_xenial_desktop_linux4.9_v1.3.img.md5sum

2. Install Orange Pi’s Official Ubuntu Desktop for Orange Pi 3

Exactly the same as in our previous blog Install Armbian Ubuntu Desktop with the Newest Supported Mainline Linux Kernel onto Orange Pi Plus 2, we have the TF card formatted and dd the system into it.

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➜  orangepi sudo dd bs=4M if=OrangePi_3_xenial_desktop_linux4.9_v1.3.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 conv=fsync
[sudo] password for lvision: 
950+0 records in
950+0 records out
3984588800 bytes (4.0 GB, 3.7 GiB) copied, 170.284 s, 23.4 MB/s

PART B: Boot Into Orange Pi 3, Enable SSH, Update & Upgrade, Locale Configuration, Network Configuration

Different from our previous blog Install Armbian Ubuntu Desktop With Kernel 5.0 onto Banana Pi M3, SSH service on Orange Pi’s Official Ubuntu Desktop for Orange Pi 3 is NOT enabled by default. Therefore, we’ve got to enable SSH during out FIRST boot.

1. Boot into Orange Pi 3

The overview of Official Orange Pi’s Ubuntu Desktop for Orange Pi 3 looks as:

Overview of Official Orange Pi's Ubuntu Desktop

2. Kernel Doublechecking

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orangepi@OrangePi:~$ uname -r
4.9.118+
orangepi@OrangePi:~$ uname -a
Linux OrangePi 4.9.118+ #5 SMP PREEMPT Mon Apr 15 09:45:02 CST 2019 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
orangepi@OrangePi:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
Release:        16.04
Codename:       xenial

3. Enable SSH

Auto Start SSH Service After Booting

After having successfully enabled SSH, you are able to login Orange Pi 3 remotely. Well, you may still need to figure out how to:

  • setup Wifi for Orange Pi 3, which is pretty simple with Ubuntu Desktop GUI
  • further setup static IP addresses in your router for both Wifi and Wired connections

4. Update & Upgrade

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orangepi@OrangePi:~$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for orangepi: 
Hit:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports xenial InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports xenial-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports xenial-backports InRelease
Hit:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports xenial-security InRelease
Reading package lists... Done                     
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
root@orangepi3:~#

Since I’ve already updated/upgraded all packages, it’ll tell you from terminal that All packages are up to date.. BTW, it seems Orange Pi is a team from TsingHua Universiity?

5. Locale Configuration

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orangepi@OrangePi:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LC_PAPER = "en",
        LC_ADDRESS = "en",
        LC_MONETARY = "en",
        LC_NUMERIC = "en",
        LC_TELEPHONE = "en",
        LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en",
        LC_MEASUREMENT = "en",
        LC_CTYPE = "en_CA.UTF-8",
        LC_TIME = "en",
        LC_NAME = "en",
        LANG = "en_CA.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

Current default time zone: 'America/Vancouver'
Local time is now:      Wed Jun  5 09:43:12 PDT 2019.
Universal Time is now:  Wed Jun  5 16:43:12 UTC 2019.

During the above process, you’ll set the following 2 pages correspondingly:

System Locale America

System Locale Vancouver

By using the command date, we can see the timezone has been successfully reset.

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Wed Jun  5 12:05:40 PDT 2019

6. Network Configuration

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orangepi@OrangePi:~$ ip -c address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 36:c9:e3:f1:b8:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.78/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 2001:569:7e6d:1b00:4cbf:8fff:88e0:e68c/64 scope global temporary dynamic 
       valid_lft 7488sec preferred_lft 7188sec
    inet6 2001:569:7e6d:1b00:c145:4c18:8c39:e90a/64 scope global mngtmpaddr noprefixroute dynamic 
       valid_lft 7488sec preferred_lft 7188sec
    inet6 fe80::5ca:d7da:797:33af/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: tunl0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
    link/ipip 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
4: gre0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1476 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
    link/gre 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
5: gretap0@NONE: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1462 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: ip_vti0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
    link/ipip 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
7: ip6_vti0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
    link/tunnel6 :: brd ::
8: sit0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
9: ip6tnl0@NONE: <NOARP> mtu 1452 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1
    link/tunnel6 :: brd ::
10: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 6c:21:a2:14:cc:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.79/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic wlan0
       valid_lft 86384sec preferred_lft 86384sec
    inet6 2001:569:7e6d:1b00:9055:86f5:5b5:82ae/64 scope global temporary dynamic 
       valid_lft 7488sec preferred_lft 7188sec
    inet6 2001:569:7e6d:1b00:a76:2b2e:4c08:f7cd/64 scope global mngtmpaddr noprefixroute dynamic 
       valid_lft 7488sec preferred_lft 7188sec
    inet6 fe80::200d:cbb5:fc23:f6e4/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

As you can see, I set up static IP address as follows:

  • eth0: 192.168.1.78
  • wlan0: 192.168.1.79

Posted on Edited on In ,

Back to Vancouver, Canada now. Start writing something again. Just wanna write down some very useful bash scripts.

Skill 1 - How to upgrade all Python packages with pip?

Solution

Please refer to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2720014/how-to-upgrade-all-python-packages-with-pip. Bash script is:

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nice python3 -m pip list --outdated --format=json | \
      jq -r '.[] | "\(.name)==\(.latest_version)"' | \
      xargs --no-run-if-empty -n1 pip3 install -U --user

Test

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➜  ~ pip list --outdated --format=freeze | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1  | xargs -n1 pip install -U --user
Collecting distro-info
Installing collected packages: distro-info
  Found existing installation: distro-info 0.0.0
    Uninstalling distro-info-0.0.0:
      Successfully uninstalled distro-info-0.0.0
Successfully installed distro-info-0.0.0
Collecting Markdown
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c0/4e/fd492e91abdc2d2fcb70ef453064d980688762079397f779758e055f6575/Markdown-3.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (87kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 4.5MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: setuptools>=36 in ./.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from Markdown) (41.0.1)
Installing collected packages: Markdown
  WARNING: The script markdown_py is installed in '/home/lvision/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed Markdown-3.1.1
Collecting pycups
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/ce/836a0deb8b24bcd5f850f8fb97f99fb4abd7374e078b9e6df5a0838f8eb5/pycups-1.9.74.tar.bz2
Building wheels for collected packages: pycups
  Building wheel for pycups (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9jc5iw0k/pycups/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-k2dtuswe --python-tag cp37:
  ERROR: running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_ext
  building 'cups' extension
  creating build
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DVERSION="1.9.74" -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c cupsmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/cupsmodule.o
  cupsmodule.c:23:10: fatal error: cups/cups.h: No such file or directory
   #include <cups/cups.h>
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycups
  Running setup.py clean for pycups
Failed to build pycups
Installing collected packages: pycups
  Running setup.py install for pycups ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9jc5iw0k/pycups/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-imbt0ikc/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_ext
    building 'cups' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DVERSION="1.9.74" -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c cupsmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/cupsmodule.o
    cupsmodule.c:23:10: fatal error: cups/cups.h: No such file or directory
     #include <cups/cups.h>
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-9jc5iw0k/pycups/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-imbt0ikc/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-9jc5iw0k/pycups/
Collecting Pygments
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/73/1dfa428150e3ccb0fa3e68db406e5be48698f2a979ccbcec795f28f44048/Pygments-2.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (883kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 890kB 3.8MB/s 
Installing collected packages: Pygments
  WARNING: The script pygmentize is installed in '/home/lvision/.local/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed Pygments-2.4.2
Collecting PyGObject
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c1/36/c31a6ce9411b22a8ac0759c9b5ffda09368d5e0643450bb8ed83c271588c/PyGObject-3.32.1.tar.gz
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pycairo>=1.11.1 in ./.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from PyGObject) (1.18.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: PyGObject
  Building wheel for PyGObject (PEP 517) ... done
  Stored in directory: /home/lvision/.cache/pip/wheels/30/7a/00/cdefec8644e21ce0d5a438f96ce0ba65b51eb648c4e4614d62
Successfully built PyGObject
Installing collected packages: PyGObject
Successfully installed PyGObject-3.32.1
➜  ~ pip list --outdated --format=freeze | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1  | xargs -n1 pip install -U --user
Collecting distro-info
Installing collected packages: distro-info
  Found existing installation: distro-info 0.0.0
    Uninstalling distro-info-0.0.0:
      Successfully uninstalled distro-info-0.0.0
Successfully installed distro-info-0.0.0
Collecting pycups
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/ce/836a0deb8b24bcd5f850f8fb97f99fb4abd7374e078b9e6df5a0838f8eb5/pycups-1.9.74.tar.bz2
Building wheels for collected packages: pycups
  Building wheel for pycups (setup.py) ... done
  Stored in directory: /home/lvision/.cache/pip/wheels/bb/4a/db/d9ea6edeead55ff1b909f3e7aa4384db28ff6ce3ecef0c94f7
Successfully built pycups
Installing collected packages: pycups
Successfully installed pycups-1.9.74
➜  ~ pip list --outdated
Package     Version Latest Type 
----------- ------- ------ -----
distro-info 0.0.0   0.10   sdist
➜  ~

In the above test, clearly, we ran the following bash script twice:

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➜  ~ pip list --outdated --format=freeze | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1  | xargs -n1 pip install -U --user

For the 1st time, we successfully had distro-info, Markdown, Pygments, PyGObject installed, but failed to install pycups.
For the 2nd time, after libcups2-dev had been installed from Ubuntu repository, we had pycups installed successfully.

However, we still have one LAST issue: why distro-info is still oudated? ^_^ Can anybody give me an explanation?

Skill 2 - How to list all auto-removable packages?

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apt-get --dry-run autoremove | grep -Po '^Remv \K[^ ]+'

Skill 3 - How to deal with the bug “Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached”?

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echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p

Skill 4 - How to find all connected devices with nmap?

Solution

Please refer to https://vitux.com/find-devices-connected-to-your-network-with-nmap/. Bash script is:

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nmap -sP 192.168.1.254/24

Test

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➜  ~ nmap -sP 192.168.1.254/24
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-06-03 08:03 PDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.64
Host is up (0.082s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.65
Host is up (0.0092s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.66
Host is up (0.010s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.67
Host is up (0.037s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.71
Host is up (0.032s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.73
Host is up (0.032s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.74
Host is up (0.061s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.98
Host is up (0.044s latency).
Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.103
Host is up (0.15s latency).
Nmap scan report for lvision-GT72-6QE (192.168.1.200)
Host is up (0.00047s latency).
Nmap scan report for _gateway (192.168.1.254)
Host is up (0.015s latency).
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (11 hosts up) scanned in 8.21 seconds
➜  ~

Skill 5 - How to install OS img with dd?

Solution

Please refer to Installing operating system images on Linux for Raspberry Pi . Bash script is:

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sudo dd bs=4M if=Armbian_5.83_Nanopineo_Ubuntu_bionic_next_4.19.38.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 conv=fsync

Test

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➜  ~ sudo dd bs=4M if=Armbian_5.83_Nanopineo_Ubuntu_bionic_next_4.19.38.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 conv=fsync
[sudo] password for lvision: 
223+0 records in
223+0 records out
935329792 bytes (935 MB, 892 MiB) copied, 89.9065 s, 10.4 MB/s

Skill 6 - How to add NVidia GPG Public Key?

Talked NVidia Issues:

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➜  ~ wget -qO - https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub | sudo apt-key add -

Skill 7 - How to change username and it’s home directory?

Now, let’s try to change from longervision to lvision. Two commands after login with root:

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➜  ~ sudo usermod -l lvision longervision
➜  ~ sudo usermod -d /home/lvision -m lvision

Skill 8 - How to fuse video and audio using FFmpeg?

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❯ ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 -shortest output.mp4

Skill 9 - How to install Python packages from source?

  • Traditional Way
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$ python setup.py build
$ python setup.py install --user
  • Preferred Way
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$ pip install --no-deps --prefix=~/.local/ .

Skill 10 - Obtain System Info in Graphs.

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   ✔  neofetch
            .-/+oossssoo+/-.               longervision@longervision-GT72-6QE 
        `:+ssssssssssssssssss+:`           ---------------------------------- 
      -+ssssssssssssssssssyyssss+-         OS: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS x86_64 
    .ossssssssssssssssssdMMMNysssso.       Host: GT72 6QE REV:1.0 
   /ssssssssssshdmmNNmmyNMMMMhssssss/      Kernel: 5.3.0-53-generic 
  +ssssssssshmydMMMMMMMNddddyssssssss+     Uptime: 20 hours, 45 mins 
 /sssssssshNMMMyhhyyyyhmNMMMNhssssssss/    Packages: 4115 
.ssssssssdMMMNhsssssssssshNMMMdssssssss.   Shell: fish 3.1.2-630-gad020e84d 
+sssshhhyNMMNyssssssssssssyNMMMysssssss+   Resolution: 1920x1080 
ossyNMMMNyMMhsssssssssssssshmmmhssssssso   DE: GNOME 3.28.4 
ossyNMMMNyMMhsssssssssssssshmmmhssssssso   WM: GNOME Shell 
+sssshhhyNMMNyssssssssssssyNMMMysssssss+   WM Theme: Adwaita 
.ssssssssdMMMNhsssssssssshNMMMdssssssss.   Theme: Ambiance [GTK2/3] 
 /sssssssshNMMMyhhyyyyhdNMMMNhssssssss/    Icons: Ubuntu-mono-dark [GTK2/3] 
  +sssssssssdmydMMMMMMMMddddyssssssss+     Terminal: gnome-terminal 
   /ssssssssssshdmNNNNmyNMMMMhssssss/      CPU: Intel i7-6700HQ (8) @ 3.500GHz 
    .ossssssssssssssssssdMMMNysssso.       GPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980M 
      -+sssssssssssssssssyyyssss+-         Memory: 8543MiB / 48025MiB 
        `:+ssssssssssssssssss+:` 
            .-/+oossssoo+/-.                                       
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36  ✘  screenfetch                                                                                                                                                                                  1s  ~ 
                         ./+o+-       longervision@longervision-GT72-6QE
                 yyyyy- -yyyyyy+      OS: Ubuntu 18.04 bionic
              ://+//////-yyyyyyo      Kernel: x86_64 Linux 5.3.0-53-generic
          .++ .:/++++++/-.+sss/`      Uptime: 20h 56m
        .:++o:  /++++++++/:--:/-      Packages: 4116
       o:+o+:++.`..```.-/oo+++++/     Shell: fish 3.1.2-630-gad020e84d
      .:+o:+o/.          `+sssoo+/    Resolution: 1920x1080
 .++/+:+oo+o:`             /sssooo.   DE: GNOME 
/+++//+:`oo+o               /::--:.   WM: GNOME Shell
\+/+o+++`o++o               ++////.   WM Theme: Adwaita
 .++.o+++oo+:`             /dddhhh.   GTK Theme: Ambiance [GTK2/3]
      .+.o+oo:.          `oddhhhh+    Icon Theme: ubuntu-mono-dark
       \+.++o+o``-````.:ohdhhhhh+     Font: Ubuntu 11
        `:o+++ `ohhhhhhhhyo++os:      CPU: Intel Core i7-6700HQ @ 8x 3.5GHz
          .o:`.syhhhhhhh/.oo++o`      GPU: GeForce GTX 980M
              /osyyyyyyo++ooo+++/     RAM: 7910MiB / 48025MiB
                  ````` +oo+++o\:    
                         `oo++.

Skill 11 - How to SSH Before Logon?

Solution:
Connect to network before user login

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$ cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
xxxxx@yyyyy:/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections$ ls
ZZZZZZZZZZ

Then, modify file ZZZZZZZZZZ, remove everything after permission=.

Skill 12 - How to SSH-KEYGEN?

All you need is on the Internet: ssh-keygen - Generate a New SSH Key?

Skill 13 - New Installed Kernel Does Not Show In Menu While Rebooting?

Solution: Not rebooting to the lastest kernel after update to grub 2

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$ sudo grub-install /dev/sdb
$ sudo update-grub

Reason: grub is NOT installed under the RIGHT hard drive.

Skill 14 - Meson Conflicts Against pathlib?

Solution:

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$ pip uninstall pathlib

More details can be found https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint/issues/807.

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 12  ✔  python
  4s  ~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages 
Python 3.6.9 (default, Jul 17 2020, 12:50:27) 
[GCC 8.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> print(Path().read_text)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'PosixPath' object has no attribute 'read_text'

Skill 15 - Run gdb with user root

  • Create a script called gdb in e.g. my home directory, containing: pkexec /usr/bin/gdb "$@"
  • make it executable
  • modify the launch.json in VSCode to call the script (obviously change username accordingly) by adding miDebuggerPath:
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...
  "externalConsole": false,
  "miDebuggerPath": "/home/<username>/gdb",
  "MIMode": "gdb",
...
  • whilst debugging, use top or such like to verify the process is running as root.

Solution: How to debug programs with “sudo” in VSCODE.

Skill 16 - Command Line to Check Multiple Versions of A Package

pkg-config --debug --modversion glib-2.0 really helps. Refer to https://askubuntu.com/questions/488187/pkg-config-modversion-glib-2-0-reports-older-version.

Skill 17 - Pip Workaround

Basically, this is just an pip issue.

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➜  pip list --outdated
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.

Therefore, python -m pip is used instead:

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➜  bin python -m pip list --outdated
➜  bin python -m pip --version
pip 21.3.1 from /home/jetbot/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)

Skill 18 - HOWTO – Resize partitions in raw disk (dd) image files (.img)

Refer to HOWTO – Resize partitions in raw disk (dd) image files (.img)

Skill 19 - error: failed to push some refs to ‘XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:~/myWebsite.git’

The Issue

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➜  myWebsite git:(master) git push        
Enumerating objects: 1498, done.
Counting objects: 100% (1498/1498), done.
Delta compression using up to 48 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (1227/1227), done.
Writing objects: 100% (1498/1498), 1.20 MiB | 10.40 MiB/s, done.
Total 1498 (delta 182), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (182/182), done.
remote: error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master
remote: error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository
remote: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent
remote: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match
remote: the work tree to HEAD.
remote: 
remote: You can set the 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable
remote: to 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into
remote: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you
remote: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some
remote: other way.
remote: 
remote: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set
remote: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'.
To XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:~/myWebsite.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)
error: failed to push some refs to 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:~/myWebsite.git'

Solution

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git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore

Skill 20 - Find ALL Broken Symbolic Links

Refer to How can I find broken symlinks

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find . -type l -exec sh -c 'file -b "$1" | grep -q "^broken"' sh {} \; -print

Skill 21 - VLC Hangs At checking for protobuf-lite.... How?

Just add --disable-chromecast.

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./configure --enable-thumbnailer --enable-preparser --disable-chromecast

Skill 25 - 10 Cool Command Line Tools For Your Linux Terminal

Refer to 10 Cool Command Line Tools For Your Linux Terminal

Skill 26 - nginx service failed.

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⋊> ~ systemctl status nginx.service                                                                                                                                                                                                          17:12:04
× nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2023-06-21 17:12:04 PDT; 13s ago
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 13424 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 13427 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
        CPU: 188ms

Solution:

sudo service nginx restart

after

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sudo fuser -k 80/tcp
sudo fuser -k 443/tcp